: Tours and Excursion

Saqqara, also spelled Sakkara or Saccara, is a vast ancient burial ground in Egypt, serving as the necropolis for the ancient Egyptian capital, Memphis. It is home to numerous pyramids, including the world-famous Step Pyramid of Djoser, which is considered the earliest large-scale stone structure. Saqqara is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a must-visit for history enthusiasts.

History & Origins

Saqqara's history dates back to the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100–2686 BCE). It was the primary burial site for Memphis, the capital of ancient Egypt. The Step Pyramid of Djoser, built during the 27th century BCE, marks the beginning of pyramid construction in Egypt. Designed by the architect Imhotep, it revolutionized Egyptian architecture.

Over the centuries, Saqqara continued to be used as a burial site, with tombs and monuments from various periods, including the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. The site also features mastabas, temples, and catacombs, reflecting the evolution of Egyptian funerary practices.

Excavations at Saqqara have revealed countless artifacts, including statues, inscriptions, and mummies, providing invaluable insights into ancient Egyptian culture and religion.

Architecture & Features

The Step Pyramid of Djoser is the centerpiece of Saqqara. It consists of six mastaba-like layers stacked on top of each other, creating a stepped appearance. The pyramid complex includes courtyards, temples, and ceremonial structures, all enclosed within a massive limestone wall.

Other notable structures at Saqqara include the Pyramid of Unas, known for its Pyramid Texts, and the Serapeum, a subterranean complex dedicated to the sacred Apis bulls. The site also features beautifully decorated tombs, such as the Tomb of Ti and the Tomb of Ptahhotep, showcasing intricate reliefs and paintings.

Legends & Facts

One fascinating fact about Saqqara is that it was continuously used for over 3,000 years, making it one of the longest-used necropolises in history. The site also houses the oldest known Egyptian mummy, dating back to the First Dynasty.

Another intriguing aspect is the discovery of the Serapeum, which contained the burial chambers of the Apis bulls, revered as manifestations of the god Ptah. The massive granite sarcophagi found here weigh up to 70 tons each.

Saqqara is also associated with the cult of the god Sokar, who was believed to protect the dead and ensure their safe passage to the afterlife.

Tourist Tips

To make the most of your visit, start early in the morning to avoid the heat and crowds. Begin with the Step Pyramid of Djoser, then explore the surrounding tombs and temples. Hiring a private guide is highly recommended to gain deeper insights into the site's history and significance.

Wear comfortable shoes and bring plenty of water, as the site is expansive and involves a lot of walking. Don't forget your camera to capture the stunning architecture and hieroglyphs.

Nearby

• Memphis: The ancient capital of Egypt, featuring the colossal statue of Ramses II.
• Dahshur: Home to the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid, both significant in pyramid evolution.
• Giza Plateau: Famous for the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Sphinx.
• Abusir: A lesser-known pyramid field with tombs and temples.
• Mit Rahina Museum: A small museum showcasing artifacts from Memphis.

Practical FAQ for Travelers

What is the best time to visit Saqqara?

The best time to visit Saqqara is during the cooler months, from October to April, when temperatures are more comfortable for exploring the site.

How long does it take to explore Saqqara?

A thorough visit to Saqqara typically takes 3-4 hours, depending on your level of interest and the number of tombs you explore.

Is Saqqara suitable for children?

Yes, Saqqara can be fascinating for children, especially those interested in history and archaeology. However, supervision is advised due to uneven terrain.

Can I take photos at Saqqara?

Yes, photography is allowed at Saqqara, but be respectful of the site and avoid using flash inside tombs.

Why should I hire a private guide at Saqqara?

A private guide can provide detailed explanations of the site's history, architecture, and significance, enhancing your experience and ensuring you don't miss any highlights.